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: ''This is the file format specification for Digitrakker. For the program documentation, see [[DIGITRAK.TXT]].''
<pre>
                                                      ┌─-─--•• • • ••--─-─┐
╒═════════════════════════════════════════════════════│    █▐  n-Factor's │══╕
├─────────────────────────────────────────────────────│    █▐             │──┤
│                                                     │ ▐███▐  ▀ ▐███▌  ▀ │  │
│   ≡≡≡ DIGITRAKKER ≡≡≡ FILE-FORMAT DESCRIPTION ≡≡≡   │ █  █▐ █▐ █  █▐ █▐ │  │
│                                                     │ ▐███▐ █▐ ▐███▐ █▐ │  │
├─────────────────────────────────────────────────────│             █▐    │──┤
╘═════════════════════════════════════════════════════│  t r a k k▐██▌e r │══╛
                                                      └─-─--•• • • ••--─-─┘

--------------------------- by prodatron/n-Factor ----------------------------
revision 3.1

This file contains information about the songmodule-format "MDL", the
instrument-format "IST" and the old sample-format "SPL".
If you have some problems or if you have questions about these formats, which
are not answered in here, just contact me (eMail: pdt@uni-duisburg.de).
</pre>

== The Songmodule-Format (MDL) v1.1 ==
<pre>
Offset Lenght Description

000    004     "DMDL"; the four letters mark the mdl-format
 004    001     version; the current version is 11h (=1.1)
 005    ???     the different data-blocks are stored at this position

Some words to the format version-number:
- if the low-nibble increases, there are extensions in the format, but old
  loaders should be able to load the new modules (or most of them...)
- if the high-nibble increases, there are changes in the format which make old
  loaders unable to read the new songfiles

The MDL-songmodule-format is subdivided into the following blocks:

"IN"    infoblock; contains most songparameters, like speed, length etc.
"ME"    songmessage; contains the songinformation from the composer
"PA" c  pattern; contains the length, names and tracklists for every pattern
"TR"    tracks; contains all the tracks for the pattern
"II" n  instruments; contains all information for the used instruments
"VE" n  volume-envelopes; contains the construction of all used vol-envelopes
"PE" n  panning-envelopes; the same for the used pan-envelopes
"FE" n1 frequency-envelopes; ...used frq-envelopes (LFO)
"IS" c  sampleinfos; contains information for every used sample
"SA"    samples; contains the sample-datas

[[ c  = blockstructure changes from v0.0 to v1.0 ]]
[[ n  = new in version 1.0                       ]]
[[ n1 = new in version 1.1                       ]]

The sequence of the blocks in a file is not fixed so they can be stored in any
way. Digitrakker uses the descripted sequence.

The structure for every block is the same:

Offset Lenght Description

000    002     "xx"; block-ID (example: "IN" for infoblock)
 002    004     blocklength; this dword contains the length of the FOLLOWING
		datas.
 006 <blocklen> datas for this block...

The next block will be at offset (006 + <blocklength>).
</pre>

=== The Song-Infoblock (IN) ===
<pre>
Offset Lenght Description

000    002     "IN"; infoblock-ID
 002    004     blocklenght
 006    032     songname; name of the songmodule (filled with spaces [32])
 038    020     composername; name of the song-composer
 058    002     songlength; Digitrakker supports up to 255 songpositions
 060    002     songrepeat
 062    001     mainvolume (001-255)
 063    001     song-speed (001-255)
 064    001     beats per minute (004-255)
 065    032     channel-information: bit 0-6 - panposition (0=left,127=right)
				     bit 7   - 0=channel on, 1=channel off
                [number of channels = last active channel]
 097  <snglen>  sequencer; contains the number of the pattern for every
		songposition
 ???  <chnnam>  the names for every channel (8 chars for one name).
		<chnnam> = 8 * <number of channels>
</pre>

=== The Songmessage (ME) ===
<pre>
Offset Lenght Description

000    002     "ME"; songmessage-ID
 002    004     blocklenght
 006    ???     songmessage; every line is closed with the CR-char (13). A
		0-byte stands at the end of the whole text.
</pre>

=== The Patterndatas (PA) ===
<pre>
Offset Lenght Description

000    002     "PA"; patterndata-ID
 002    004     blocklenght
 006    001     number of pattern; values from 1 to 255 are possible
 007  <patlar>  the datablocks for all saved pattern

The structure of one pattern-datablock:

000	001	number of used channels (0-32)
 001    001     patternlength-1 (0-255 for 1-256 lines)
 002	016	pattern-name (filled with [32])
 018  <trklar>  tracksequencing-list
		<trklar> = 2 * number of channels in this pattern

The tracksequencing-lists descripe which track is used as which voice in the
pattern. The first word in this list is the number of the track at voice 0.
The second is track for voice 1 and so on...
As every track is saved independend, it is possible to save some discspace by
this methode: If the song contains equal tracks at several positions in
the patterns, these double tracks will only saved one time.
Track 0 is not saved and represents an empty track.
</pre>

=== The Trackdatas (TR) ===
<pre>
Offset Lenght Description

000    002     "TR"; trackdata-ID
 002    004     blocklenght
 006    002     number of tracks
 008    ???     track-datablocks; every trackdatablock is stored in this way:
		Ofs.000 Len.002         length of the trackdatas
		    002 <trackdatalen>  datas for this track

Every track consists of 1-256 notepositions and every notposition contains
6 bytes:

byte 0              - note-value; 1 = C-0, 2 = C#0,..., 120 = B-9,
		      0 = nothing (---), 255 = key off (^^^)
byte 1              - instrument-number; 1-255; 0 = nothing
byte 2              - volume; 1-255; 0 = no volume change
byte 3, low nibble  - number of the first effect-command
byte 3, high nibble - number of the second effect-command (commands "g"-"l"
		      get the numbers 1-6)
byte 4              - databyte for the first effect-command
byte 5              - databyte for the second effect-command

Digitrakker stores the tracks in a packed way. The structure of this VERY
effective (!!!) packformat is the following:

bit 76543210
byte 0 - xxxxxxyy

if yy = 00 -> <xxxxxx>+1 is the number of the empty notepositions which are
	      following.
if yy = 01 -> the last noteposition will be repeated <xxxxxx>+1 times.
if yy = 10 -> the noteslot from position <xxxxxx> is copied to the actual
	      position.
if yy = 11 -> the following datas will be put in the actual noteslot:
		bit 2 = 1 -> note
		bit 3 = 1 -> sample
		bit 4 = 1 -> volume
		bit 5 = 1 -> effectcommand numbers
		bit 6 = 1 -> databyte for effect 1
		bit 7 = 1 -> databyte for effect 2
              If the bit is not setted, the byte isn't stored and you have to
              take 0 instead.

To find out the number of notepositions in a track you should decrease a
counter (startvalue: length of the packed trackdatas) while depacking.
Every depacked track has to be filled out with 0-values up to position 256.
When you copy the track into a pattern just take the number of positions you
need for the pattern (if the pattern has a length of 64 positions only take
the first 64 positions from the track).
</pre>

=== The Instruments (II) ===
<pre>
Offset Lenght Description

000    002     "II"; intrument-ID
 002    004     blocklenght
 006    001     number of saved instruments; values from 0 to 255 are possible
 007  <inslar>  the datablocks for all used instruments

The structure of one instrument-datablock:

000    001     instrument-number; (1-255)
 001	001	number of samples in instrument; (1-16)
 001    032     instrument-name; the name of the instrument (filled with [32])
 033  <is-len>  this block contains the infos for all defined samples in the
		instrument; every info consist of 14 bytes, so
		<is-len> = 14 * number of defined samples

The structure of one instrument-sample datablock:

000    001     sample-number; (1-255)
 001    001     playrange-end (0-119,0='c-0'); the last note for this sample;
		a higher note uses one of the next samples
 002    001     volume (1-255)
 003    001     bit 0-5 -> volumeenvelope-number (0-63)
		bit 6   -> flag, if volume is used
		bit 7   -> flag, if volumeenvelope is used
 004    001     panning (0-127)
 005    001     bit 0-5 -> panningenvelope-number (0-63)
		bit 6   -> flag, if panning is used
		bit 7   -> flag, if panningenvelope is used
 006    002     fadeout-speed (0-65535)
 008    001     vibrato-speed (0-255)
 009    001     vibrato-depth (0-255)
 010    001     vibrato-sweep (0-255)
 011    001     vibrato-form (0-2)
 012    001     ** reserved ** (should be set to <0>)
 013    001     bit 0-5 -> frequencyenvelope-number (0-63)
                bit 6   -> ** reserved ** (should be set to <0>)
                bit 7   -> flag, if frequencyenvelope is used
</pre>

=== The Volume-Envelopes (VE) ===
<pre>
Offset Lenght Description

000    002     "VE"; volume-envelope-ID
 002    004     blocklenght
 006    001     number of saved vol-envelopes (0-64)
 007  <ve-lar>  volume-envelope datas; a datablock contains 33 bytes, so
		<ve-lar> = 33 * number of saved vol-envelopes;

The structure of one envelope-datablock:

000    001     envelope-number; (0-63)
 001    030     the positions of the 15 points are stored here; the first
		byte is the x-distance from the last point (1-255; 0 means,
		that no more points are defined; take 1 for the first point),
                the second byte is the y-position (0-63)
 031    001     bit 0-3 -> sustain-point (0-14)
		bit 4   -> flag, if sustain is on
		bit 5   -> flag, if loop is on
                bit 6-7 -> ** reserved ** (should be set to <0>)
 032    001     bit 0-3 -> loop-start (0-14)
		bit 4-7 -> loop-end (0-14)
</pre>

=== The Panning-Envelopes (PE) ===
<pre>
Offset Lenght Description

000    002     "PE"; panning-envelope-ID
 002    004     blocklenght
 006    001     number of saved pan-envelopes (0-64)
 007  <pe-lar>  panning-envelope datas; a datablock contains 33 bytes, so
		<pe-lar> = 33 * number of saved pan-envelopes
		see at "VE" for the description of an envelope-datablock
</pre>

=== The Frequency-Envelopes (FE) ===
<pre>
Offset Lenght Description

000    002     "FE"; frequency-envelope-ID
 002    004     blocklenght
 006    001     number of saved frq-envelopes (0-64)
 007  <fe-lar>  frequency-envelope datas; a datablock contains 33 bytes, so
                <fe-lar> = 33 * number of saved frq-envelopes
		see at "VE" for the description of an envelope-datablock
</pre>

=== The Sample-Infoblocks (IS) ===
<pre>
Offset Lenght Description

000    002     "IS"; sampleinfo-ID
 002    004     blocklenght
 006    001     number of saved samples; values from 0 to 255 are possible
 007  <samlar>  sample-infoblocks; an infoblock for one sample contains 59
                bytes, so <samlar> = 59 * number of saved samples

The structure of one sample-infoblock:

000    001     sample-number; (1-255)
 001    032     sample-name; the name of the sample (filled with [32])
 033    008     filename of the sample
 041    004     C-4 sample-frequency in hz
 045    004     sample-length
 049    004     sample-repeatstart
 053    004     sample-repeatlength; if this value is set to 0, the sample
		will not loop
 057    001     ** not used ** (this was the volume in old v0.0-modules)
 058    001     infobyte:
		bit 0   -> 0=8 bit sample, 1=16 bit sample
		bit 1   -> 0=forward looping, 1=bidirectional looping
                bit 2,3 -> packmethode (0=not packed, 1=8bit packing,
                           2=16bit packing, 3=not defined)
                bit 4-7 -> ** reserved ** (should be set to <0>)
</pre>

=== The Sampledatas (SA) ===
<pre>
Offset Lenght Description

000    002     "SA"; sampledata-ID
 002    004     blocklenght
 006    ???     sampledatas; samples are stored in numeric sequence

Unpacked samples are stored in signed form. Packmethode (1) is designed for
8 bit samples, Packmethode (2) for 16 bit samples. Methode (3) isn't defined
in this version.
A packed sample begins with a dword which contains the length of the
following datastream.

The description of the sample-packmethode (1) [8bit packing]:...
────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────

This methode is based on the huffman-algorithm. It's an easy form, but very
fast and effective on samples. The packed sample is a bit-datastream:

Byte 0    Byte 1    Byte 2    Byte 3
Bit 76543210  fedcba98  nmlkjihg  ....rqpo

A packed byte is stored in the following form:

xxxx10..0s => byte = <xxxx> + (number of <0>-bits between s and 1) * 16 - 8 ;
	      if s=1 then byte = byte xor 255

If there are no <0>-bits between the first bit (sign) and the <1>-bit, you
have the following form:

xxx1s      => byte = <xxx> ; if s=1 then byte = byte xor 255

To depack one byte, you have to use the following algorithm:
┌────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│       read bit                                                             │
│       sign = bit                                                           │
│       read bit                                                             │
│       if bit = 1                                                           │
│               then  read [3bits]                                           │
│                     byte = [3bits]                                         │
│                     goto next                                              │
│               else  byte = 8                                               │
│loop:  read bit                                                             │
│       if bit = 0                                                           │
│               then  byte = byte + 16                                       │
│                     goto loop                                              │
│               else  read [4bits]                                           │
│                     byte = byte + [4bits]                                  │
│next:  if sign = 1                                                          │
│               then byte = byte xor 255                                     │
└────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘

Two examples:

xxxx  s
1001101 = ( 9 + 1 * 16 - 8 ) xor 255 = 238

xxx s
01010 = 2

Note that the depacked bytes are delta values. To convert them to real data
use this algorithm:

oldbyte = 0
for sampleposition = 1 to samplelength
	newbyte = byte [sampleposition] + oldbyte
	byte [sampleposition] = newbyte
	oldbyte = newbyte
next sampleposition

The description of the sample-packmethode (2) [16bit packing]:...
────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────

It works as methode (1) but it only crunches every 2nd byte (the high-
bytes of 16 bit samples). So when you depack 16 bit samples, you have to
read 8 bits from the data-stream first. They present the lowbyte of the
sample-word. Then depack the highbyte in the descripted way (methode [1]).
Only the highbytes are delta-values. So take the lowbytes as they are.
Go on this way for the whole sample!
</pre>

=== Differences to older formats ===
<pre>
Changes from v0.0 to v1.0:
- block "PN" (patternnames) doesn't exist in v1.0-modules (patternnames now
  stored in block "PA")
  the old v0.0 structure of the "PN"-block:
    000    002     "PN"; patternnames-ID
    002    004     blocklenght
    006  <patnam>  the names for every pattern (16 chars for one name).
		   <patnam> = 16 * <number of patterns>
- structure of block "PA" changes completely
  the old v0.0 structure of the "PA"-block:
    000    002     "PA"; patterndata-ID
    002    004     blocklenght
    006    001     number of pattern; values from 1 to 255 are possible
    007  <patlar>  tracksequencing-list for the used patterns;
		   <patlar> = 64 * number of patterns (32 words with the
		   tracknumbers for every pattern)
- new blocks in v1.0-modules: "II" (instruments), "VE" (volume-envelopes) and
  "PE" (panning-envelopes)
- volumebyte (byte 57) in the sample-datablocks (block "IS") isn't used;
  the C-4 sample-frequency increases from a word (2 bytes) to a dword (4
  bytes), so one whole sample-infoblock now has a length of 59 bytes

Extension from v1.0 to v1.1:
- new block: "FE" (frequency-envelopes)
</pre>

== The Instrument-Format (IST) v0.1 ==
<pre>
The IST-format has the same structure like parts the MDL-format:

Offset Lenght Description

000    004     "DIST"; the four letters mark the ist-format
 004    001     version; the current version is 01h (=0.1)
 005    ???     the different data-blocks are stored at this position

The IST-instrument-format is subdivided into the following blocks:

"II"    instruments; contains all information for the saved instrument
"VE"    volume-envelopes; contains the construction of all vol-envelopes for
        this instrument
"PE"    panning-envelopes; the same for the pan-envelopes
"FE"    frequency-envelopes (new in v0.1); the same for the frq-envelopes
"IS"    sampleinfos; contains information for every used sample
"SA"    samples; contains the sample-datas

The structures for the several blocks are the same as in the mdl-format.
The instrument-infoblock ("II") contains one instrument only.
</pre>

== The Sample-Format (SPL) v0.0 ==
<pre>
Here comes the description for the old sample-format "SPL", which was used in
older tracker-versions (V2.0-V2.2). This format isn't supported any longer in
Digitrakker, that means you can read it, but you can't save samples in this
form.
The reason for this step was the fact, that there are too many sample-formats
and it makes no sense to introduce a new one, because the existing IFF-format
nearly contains all infos you need for a Digitrakker-sample.

Offset Lenght Description

000    004     "DSPL"; the four letters mark the spl-format
 004    001     version; the current version is 0
 005    032     sample-name; the name of the sample (filled with [32])
 037    008     filename of the sample
 045    002     C-4 sample-frequency in hz (00000-65535)
 047    004     sample-length
 051    004     sample-repeatstart
 055    004     sample-repeatlength; if this value is set to 0, the sample
		will not loop
 059    001     sample-volume (1-255)
 060    001     infobyte:
		bit 0   -> 0=8 bit sample, 1=16 bit sample
		bit 1   -> 0=forward looping, 1=bidirectional looping
		bit 2,3 -> packmethode (0=not packed, methodes 2 and 3 doesn't
			   exist in this version)
		bit 4-7 -> not used (should be set to 0)
 061    ???     sampledatas... (see above)
</pre>

[[Category: File format references]]

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